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Enchi Fumiko

えんち ふみこ

Enchi Fumiko

ペンネーム: Enchi Fumi（Birth name (real name)）

プロフィール

性別
女性
生誕
1905-10-02 （Mukoinagahira, Asakusa, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan (now Asakusabashi, Taito-ku, Tokyo)）
死没
1986-11-14 （Ikenohata, Taito-ku, Tokyo, Japan (home)） 81歳
国籍
Japan
言語
Japanese
居住地歴
Mukoinagahira (Asakusa), Tokyo → Fujimi-cho, Kojimachi (now Chiyoda-ku), Tokyo → Yanaka Shimizu-cho (Taito-ku), Tokyo → Zaimokuza, Kamakura (residence/evacuation) → Ekoda, Nakano-ku, Tokyo → Ikenohata, Taito-ku, Tokyo (later years)

経歴

職業
Novelist, Playwright, Translator, Essayist
活動期間
1926年〜1986年
所属
Women's Literary Society (Chair, 1958–1976), Japan Art Academy (Member), Affiliated with publishing houses such as Chuokoron-sha
所属団体
Member, Japan Art Academy, Women's Literary Society (former Chair)
影響を受けた人物
Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Kyoka Izumi, Nagai Kafu, Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Oscar Wilde, Edgar Allan Poe, Mannen Ueda (father)

学歴

Japan Women's University High School (attached)
期間: 1918年入学、4年次終了で中退
国: Japan
Left school after the fourth year; received private tutoring thereafter.

受賞歴

Women's Literary Award (Joryu Bungakusha-sho)
1953
対象作品: Himojii Tsukihi (The Hungry Days)
主催: Women's Literary Society
結果: 受賞
Noma Literary Prize
1957
対象作品: Onna-zaka (The Waving Years)
主催: Noma Culture Foundation
結果: 受賞
Women's Literature Award (Joryu Bungaku-sho)
1966
対象作品: Namamiko Monogatari
主催: Women's Literary Society
結果: 受賞
Tanizaki Jun'ichiro Prize
1969
対象作品: The One Who Steals Vermilion / Wounded Wings / Rainbow and Shura (trilogy)
主催: Tanizaki Jun'ichiro Prize Committee
結果: 受賞
Japan Literature Grand Prize
1972
対象作品: Yukan (trilogy)
主催: Japan Literature Grand Prize Committee
結果: 受賞
Persons of Cultural Merit
1979
主催: Agency for Cultural Affairs (honor)
結果: 顕彰
Order of Culture
1985
主催: Cabinet Office (Order of Culture)
結果: 受章

受賞・候補エディション

作品

代表作

Himojii Tsukihi (The Hungry Days)

1954年 Short stories / Short story collection

A collection of short stories depicting postwar hardship and women's lives; it marked Enchi's return to the literary world.

oppression of womenobsessionfamily conflict
翻訳
  • Partial translations into English exist

Onna-zaka (The Waving Years)

1957年 Novel (linked stories / long work)

A long linked novel inspired by her maternal grandmother, portraying the self and love of women suppressed under feudalism; it became a bestseller and was translated into English.

feudal oppressionfemale subjectivitytradition and sexuality
翻訳
  • English translation 'The Waving Years' (1980)

Onna-men (Female Mask)

1960年 Novel / Short stories

Uses Noh masks and classical motifs to portray women's uncanny nature and obsessions.

Noh masksthe uncannyfemale obsession

Namamiko Monogatari

1965年 Novel

A novel reflecting deep knowledge of classics like The Tale of Genji, depicting the fates of women.

classical allusionfemale karmahistory and the individual

The One Who Steals Vermilion

1956年 Autobiographical novel / Fiction

An autobiographical-tinged novel; together with 'Wounded Wings' and 'Rainbow and Shura' forms a lauded trilogy.

autobiographical fictionobsessionfemale karma

Enchi Fumiko's Modern Japanese Translation of The Tale of Genji (10 vols)

1972年 Translation / Modern-language edition

A modern Japanese translation of Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji, completed after over five years of work, drawing attention from scholars and readers.

classical reinterpretationtranslationThe Tale of Genji

The House Without a Dining Table

1979年 Novel

A controversial novel set against the backdrop of the United Red Army incident, depicting family collapse; adapted into a film in 1985.

family breakdownsocial themesimpact of violence
映像化・舞台化
  • [Film] The House Without a Dining Table (1985)

全著作

  • Sekishun (Short Plays), 1935
  • Himojii Tsukihi (The Hungry Days), 1954
  • Onna-zaka (The Waving Years), 1957
  • The One Who Steals Vermilion, 1956
  • Onna-men (Female Mask), 1960
  • Namamiko Monogatari, 1965
  • Enchi Fumiko's Modern Japanese Translation of The Tale of Genji, 1972–73
  • The House Without a Dining Table, 1979
  • Kiku Jido, 1984

翻案

  • The House Without a Dining Table — film adaptation (1985)

作家による翻訳

  • The Tale of Genji (modern-language translation), 1972–73
  • Taketori Monogatari (selected translation for children), 1954

作品の翻訳

  • Onna-zaka — English translation 'The Waving Years' (1980)

作風・主題

文体
classical, aesthetic proseelegant restrained descriptionsdetailed psychological interiority
頻出モチーフ
women's karmaobsession and revengeclassical motifs (Noh masks, kabuki)age and the uncanny

健康

  • tuberculous mastitis
    1938–1939頃 入院・手術
    Required prolonged convalescence
  • uterine cancer (hysterectomy)
    1946
    Postoperative complications including infection and pneumonia led to extended recovery
  • retinal detachment (right eye)
    1969
    Required surgery
  • cataract (left eye)
    1985
    Underwent surgery
  • cerebral infarction (stroke)
    1985–1986
    Left with right-side impairment; hospitalized and underwent rehabilitation

評価・遺産

A leading postwar female author in Japan, celebrated for her classical knowledge and evocative portrayals of women; known for her modern-language translation of The Tale of Genji. Her Order of Culture award confirmed her stature.

関連学会

  • Japan Art Academy
  • Women's Literary Society

大衆文化への影響

  • Onna-zaka — introduced to English-speaking readers as 'The Waving Years'
  • The House Without a Dining Table — film adaptation in 1985

豆知識

  • Her father was the linguist Mannen Ueda.
  • Started as a playwright before gaining literary prominence as a novelist after the war.
  • Served for many years as chair of the Women's Literary Society.