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第11回（1961年） award
Toshio Shimao
しまお としお
Toshio Shimao
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1917-04-18 （3-18 Tobe, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan）
- 死没
- 1986-11-12 （Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan） 69歳
- 国籍
- Japan
- 言語
- Japanese
- 宗教
- Catholicism (Roman Catholic) 1956年受洗 （洗礼名: Peter）
- 居住地歴
- Tobe, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan → Kobe, Hyogo, Japan → Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan → Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan → Koiwa, Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan → Naze (Amami City), Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan → Ibusuki, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan → Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan → Kajiki, Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan → Usuki (Usuki-cho), Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
経歴
- 職業
- Novelist, Librarian, Part-time lecturer, Associate professor, University lecturer
- 活動期間
- 1947年〜1986年
- 所属
- Japan Art Academy, New Japan Literary Association, Literary circles (magazines) such as 'Koyo' and 'VIKING'
- 所属団体
- Member of the Japan Art Academy
- 影響を受けた人物
- Fyodor Dostoevsky, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Tetsuji Yayama, Michizō Tachihara, Yojūrō Yasuda, Shizuo Ito
- 影響を与えた人物
- Maho Shimao (granddaughter, manga artist)
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kyushu Imperial University (now Kyushu University) | Faculty of Law and Literature | Department of Humanities (Oriental History) | 文学士 | 1940–1943 | Japan |
Kyushu Imperial University (now Kyushu University)
Faculty of Law and Literature
/ Department of Humanities (Oriental History)
学位:
文学士
期間:
1940–1943
卒業年:
1943
国:
Japan
Wrote a thesis on Uyghurs in the Yuan dynasty; graduated early in 1943 and enlisted as a naval reserve student.
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Postwar Literature Prize | Shukkotoki / 'Outlying-Island Chronicles' (selection) | — | Getsuyō Shobō (organizer / historical record) | 受賞 |
| 1961 | Art Encouragement Prize (Ministry of Education) | The Sting of Death | 文芸 | Ministry of Education (Art Encouragement Prize) | 受賞 |
| 1972 | Mainichi Publishing Culture Award | The Silhouette on a Glass Shoji | — | Mainichi Newspapers (organizer) | 受賞 |
| 1977 | Tanizaki Prize | Passage of the Day | — | Tanizaki Jun'ichiro Prize Committee | 受賞 |
| 1978 | Yomiuri Literature Prize | The Sting of Death | — | Yomiuri Shimbun | 受賞 |
| 1978 | Japan Literature Grand Prize | The Sting of Death | — | Japan Literature Grand Prize (organizing committee) | 受賞 |
| 1981 | Japan Art Academy Award | — | — | Japan Art Academy | 受賞 |
| 1983 | Kawabata Yasunari Literature Prize | In the Cove within the Bay | — | Kawabata Yasunari Literature Prize Committee | 受賞 |
| 1985 | Noma Literary Prize | Torpedo-Boat Student | — | Noma Cultural Foundation / Noma Literary Prize | 受賞 |
Postwar Literature Prize
1950
対象作品:
Shukkotoki / 'Outlying-Island Chronicles' (selection)
主催:
Getsuyō Shobō (organizer / historical record)
結果:
受賞
Art Encouragement Prize (Ministry of Education)
1961
対象作品:
The Sting of Death
部門:
文芸
主催:
Ministry of Education (Art Encouragement Prize)
結果:
受賞
Mainichi Publishing Culture Award
1972
対象作品:
The Silhouette on a Glass Shoji
主催:
Mainichi Newspapers (organizer)
結果:
受賞
Tanizaki Prize
1977
対象作品:
Passage of the Day
主催:
Tanizaki Jun'ichiro Prize Committee
結果:
受賞
Yomiuri Literature Prize
1978
対象作品:
The Sting of Death
主催:
Yomiuri Shimbun
結果:
受賞
Japan Literature Grand Prize
1978
対象作品:
The Sting of Death
主催:
Japan Literature Grand Prize (organizing committee)
結果:
受賞
Japan Art Academy Award
1981
主催:
Japan Art Academy
結果:
受賞
Kawabata Yasunari Literature Prize
1983
対象作品:
In the Cove within the Bay
主催:
Kawabata Yasunari Literature Prize Committee
結果:
受賞
Noma Literary Prize
1985
対象作品:
Torpedo-Boat Student
主催:
Noma Cultural Foundation / Noma Literary Prize
結果:
受賞
受賞・候補エディション
-
第29回（1977年） award
-
第13回（1977年） award
-
第10回（1978年） award
-
第10回（1983年） award
Noma Literary Award
1回登壇
-
第38回（1985年） award
作品
代表作
Solo Traveler
1947年 Short story collection / FictionA postwar short-story collection that contains early works combining surrealist and I-novel elements.
dream vs. realityisolationpostwar experience
Everyday in Dreams
1948年 Short story collection / SurrealismA collection of surreal short stories in which dream and nightmare imagery intrude upon everyday life.
dreamsnightmaresidentity
The Sting of Death
1960年 Long work / Autobiographical I-novelA landmark autobiographical work based on the author's wife's mental illness and his caregiving; a sustained, documentary portrayal of domestic torment.
familymental illnesscaregivingguilt and atonement
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] The Sting of Death / 小栗康平 (Kōhei Oguri) (1990)
Departure Never Comes
1964年 Fiction (linked stories)A linked set of stories using departures and journeys to explore inner escape and stagnation, marked by wartime shadows and personal anxiety.
travelescapeanxiety
The Silhouette on a Glass Shoji
1972年 Short story collectionA collection of short 'leaf stories' that portray fragments of domestic and urban life to sketch contours of existence.
everyday lifememoryfragments
Passage of the Day
1976年 Long work / Linked piecesA long work that delicately traces the passage of ordinary days; an important late-career book.
changing everyday lifeagingtime
Torpedo-Boat Student
1985年 War-related linked storiesA linked series drawing on his naval reserve and Shin'yō special attack unit experiences; acclaimed for its wartime depictions and awarded the Noma Prize.
war experiencelife and deathdocumentary record
全著作
- Solo Traveler
- Everyday in Dreams
- Outlying-Island Chronicles
- The Sting of Death
- To the Island
- Departure Never Comes
- The Silhouette on a Glass Shoji
- Passage of the Day
- Torpedo-Boat Student
翻案
- Film adaptation of 'The Sting of Death' (dir. Kōhei Oguri, 1990) — Cannes Jury Grand Prix
- Elements of Shimao's works have been used as part of source material in later films such as 'Umibe no Uta' (2017) and others.
作風・主題
- 文体
- I-novel / autobiographical methodssurrealist imagerydocumentary / diary-like proseavant-garde
- 頻出モチーフ
- dreams and nightmaressouthern islands (Amami) / island landscapesfamily and mental illnesswar experiencesmemory and trauma
健康
-
Duodenal ulcer1960（春）Prolonged hospitalization for several months; affected writing activity.
-
Heart disease (late life)1986（症状が顕在化）Worsening health leading to decline in 1986 prior to fatal stroke.
-
Intracerebral hemorrhage / hemorrhagic stroke1986年11月Hospitalized and remained unconscious for three days before passing away.
評価・遺産
Toshio Shimao is regarded as a major postwar Japanese writer whose oeuvre spans autobiographical family narratives, wartime accounts, and essays on the southern islands. 'The Sting of Death' is his signature work and has had broad critical and filmic impact; he received multiple major Japanese literary awards.
記念館・博物館
- Haniya–Shimao Literary Museum (Haniya Yutaka & Toshio Shimao Memorial) Odaka (Minamisoma), Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
- Kobe Literature Museum (holds related materials) Kobe, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
- Kagoshima Museum of Modern Literature (holds related exhibits) Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
関連学会
- Japan Art Academy
- New Japan Literary Association
資料所蔵先
- Haniya–Shimao Literary Museum (Minamisoma, Fukushima)
- Collected materials in publisher archives (Shobunsha / Shobunsha series holdings)
大衆文化への影響
- Kōhei Oguri's film adaptation of 'The Sting of Death' (1990) — won the Jury Grand Prix at Cannes.
- In Hirokazu Kore-eda's 'After the Storm' (film references c.2016/2017), a fictional 'Toshio Shimao Literary Prize' appears — an example of his name used in contemporary culture.
豆知識
- He based 'The Sting of Death' on his wife Miho Shimao's illness and his caregiving experience.
- He served as a commander of a Shin'yō special-attack unit, experiences that informed his war-related writings.
- His granddaughter is manga artist Maho Shimao.
- The film adaptation of 'The Sting of Death' (1990, dir. Kōhei Oguri) won the Jury Grand Prix at Cannes.
- He was baptized into the Catholic Church in 1956 (baptismal name: Peter).