A scholarly study that uses dialect words for evaluating people as clues to horizontal relations in Japanese society. From lexical detail, it examines regional culture and the structure of social norms.

Dialectal words of evaluation uncover the shape of Japanese social relations.

A scholarly work that reads medieval Japanese documents through concrete linguistic acts such as lectures, annotations, and self-questioning. It treats documents not as fixed records, but as fields of expression.

Medieval documents emerge as spaces of expression that contain voice and questioning.