A critical essay that starts from Murasaki Byakuro and rereads 1990s shock and bad-taste subculture alongside the ethics of the pre-internet era. It redraws the outline of the period from the dark side of subculture.

It redraws the era from the dark side of shock subculture.

A critical essay that uses the work of film director Kobayashi Masaki as a starting point to consider how the subject is formed and how it faces the world.

It considers what it means to forge the self through film criticism.