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第15回（1970年） award
Karajuro
から じゅうろう
Kara Juuro
別名:
大鶴 義英（おおつる よしひで） / Yoshihide Otsuru (birth name)
ペンネーム:
Karajuro（Pen name used for plays, direction, and literary publications）
プロフィール
- 性別
- 男性
- 生誕
- 1940-02-11 （Shitaya Mannenchō, Shitaya, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan (now Taitō, Tokyo)）
- 死没
- 2024-05-04 （Nakano, Tokyo, Japan） 84歳
- 国籍
- Japan
- 言語
- Japanese
- 居住地歴
- Shitaya Mannenchō, Tokyo (birthplace) → Taitō, Tokyo (raised / main base of activities) → Nakano, Tokyo (later years)
経歴
- 職業
- playwright, writer, director, actor, visiting professor, theatre troupe founder
- 活動期間
- 1963年〜2024年
- 所属
- Situation Theatre (Jōkyō Gekijō) (1963–1988), Karagumi (1988–2024), Yokohama National University, Professor (1997–2005), Kindai University (Kinki University), Visiting Professor (2005– ), Meiji University, Visiting Professor (2012– )
- 影響を受けた人物
- Tatsumi Hijikata, Jean-Paul Sartre, Masao Matsuda
- 影響を与えた人物
- Akaji Maro, Jinpachi Nezu, Kaoru Kobayashi, Shiro Sano, Gitan Otsuru
学歴
| 学校 | 学部 | 学科 | 学位 | 期間 | 国 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meiji University | Faculty of Letters | Department of Literature (Theatre Studies) | 文学士 | 1958-1962 | Japan |
| Toho High School (affiliated with Toho University) | — | — | — | 〜1958 | Japan |
Meiji University
Faculty of Letters
/ Department of Literature (Theatre Studies)
学位:
文学士
期間:
1958-1962
卒業年:
1962
国:
Japan
Majored in theatre studies. Later returned as a visiting professor at his alma mater.
Toho High School (affiliated with Toho University)
期間:
〜1958
卒業年:
1958
国:
Japan
Graduated from high school and entered Meiji University in 1958.
受賞歴
| 年 | 賞名 | 対象作品 | 部門 | 主催 | 結果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Kishida Kunio Drama Award | Shōjo Kamen (Girl Mask) | — | Kishida Kunio Drama Award Committee | 受賞 |
| 1978 | Izumi Kyōka Literary Prize | Kaisei / Kappa | — | Izumi Kyōka Prize Selection Committee | 受賞 |
| 1983 | Akutagawa Prize | Letter from Sagawa-kun | — | Akutagawa Prize Selection Committee | 受賞 |
| 2001 | Hanazono Prize | — | — | Hanazono Prize Executive Committee | 受賞 |
| 2003 | Tsuruya Nanboku Playwright Award | Doreningyo (Mud Mermaid) | — | Tsuruya Nanboku Award Committee | 受賞 |
| 2004 | Yomiuri Literature Prize | Doreningyo (Mud Mermaid) | — | Yomiuri Shimbun | 受賞 |
| 2005 | Medal with Purple Ribbon | — | — | Government of Japan (honors selection) | 辞退 |
| 2006 | Yomiuri Theatre Awards — Artistic Honor | — | — | Yomiuri Theatre Awards Committee | 受賞 |
| 2006 | Meiji University Special Merit Award | — | — | Meiji University | 受賞 |
| 2010 | Yi Byeong-ju International Literary Prize | — | — | Yi Byeong-ju Prize Committee | 受賞 |
| 2013 | Asahi Prize | — | — | Asahi Shimbun | 受賞 |
| 2021 | Person of Cultural Merit | — | — | Government of Japan | 受賞 |
| 2024 | Junior Fourth Rank (posthumous court rank) | — | — | Government of Japan (Official Gazette) | 追贈 |
| 2024 | Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (posthumous) | — | — | Government of Japan | 追贈 |
Kishida Kunio Drama Award
1970
対象作品:
Shōjo Kamen (Girl Mask)
主催:
Kishida Kunio Drama Award Committee
結果:
受賞
Izumi Kyōka Literary Prize
1978
対象作品:
Kaisei / Kappa
主催:
Izumi Kyōka Prize Selection Committee
結果:
受賞
Akutagawa Prize
1983
対象作品:
Letter from Sagawa-kun
主催:
Akutagawa Prize Selection Committee
結果:
受賞
Hanazono Prize
2001
主催:
Hanazono Prize Executive Committee
結果:
受賞
Tsuruya Nanboku Playwright Award
2003
対象作品:
Doreningyo (Mud Mermaid)
主催:
Tsuruya Nanboku Award Committee
結果:
受賞
Yomiuri Literature Prize
2004
対象作品:
Doreningyo (Mud Mermaid)
主催:
Yomiuri Shimbun
結果:
受賞
Medal with Purple Ribbon
2005
主催:
Government of Japan (honors selection)
結果:
辞退
Yomiuri Theatre Awards — Artistic Honor
2006
主催:
Yomiuri Theatre Awards Committee
結果:
受賞
Meiji University Special Merit Award
2006
主催:
Meiji University
結果:
受賞
Yi Byeong-ju International Literary Prize
2010
主催:
Yi Byeong-ju Prize Committee
結果:
受賞
Asahi Prize
2013
主催:
Asahi Shimbun
結果:
受賞
Person of Cultural Merit
2021
主催:
Government of Japan
結果:
受賞
Junior Fourth Rank (posthumous court rank)
2024
主催:
Government of Japan (Official Gazette)
結果:
追贈
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (posthumous)
2024
主催:
Government of Japan
結果:
追贈
受賞・候補エディション
-
第6回（1978年） award
Akutagawa Prize
1回登壇
-
第88回（1982年 第2回開催） award
-
第55回（2003年） award
-
第7回（2004年） award
作品
代表作
Letter from Sagawa-kun
1983年 FictionPublished in 1983. A controversial work touching on matters related to the Sagawa case; it questions ethics, violence, and the relationship between media and the individual. Won the Akutagawa Prize and sparked debate.
violenceethicsmedia and the individualcrime in literature
Doreningyo (Mud Mermaid)
2003年 PlayA 2003 play notable for its vivid stagecraft and symbolic character portrayals. It won the Tsuruyananboku Playwright Award and the Yomiuri Literature Prize.
theatricalitymemory and lossfantasy vs. reality
Koshimaki Osen - Giri-Ninjō Iroha Nihoheto
1967年 Play (red-tent performance)First staged in 1967 under the red tent; a signature tent-play that became emblematic of the angura (underground) theatre movement.
red tentanti-establishmentphysicality
Umi Hoozuki
1995年 NovelPublished as a book in 1995 and adapted into a film in 1996 directed by Kaizō Hayashi. Karajuro was involved as original author, scriptwriter, and actor.
connection with theatrememoryhuman loneliness
映像化・舞台化
- [Film] Umi Hoozuki / 林海象 (Kaizō Hayashi) (1996)
全著作
- Koshimaki Osen / The Theory of the Privileged Body
- John Silver
- Rengyutsu
- The Vampire Princess
- A Tale of Two Cities (Karajuro's Two Cities)
- The Bengal Tiger
- Stories of Shitamachi Mannenchō
- Golden Bat / Ghost Chimney Stories
- Letter from Sagawa-kun
- Karajuro's Chronicle of Violent Times
- Doreningyo (Mud Mermaid)
- Glass Apostle
- Dramatic Convulsions
- Daivadatta
- Kaisei (Sea Star)
- Kappa
- Girl Mask
- Mannenchō Tales
- The Invisible Man
- Karajuro Collection (Selected Works)
翻案
- Umi Hoozuki (film, 1996)
- Glass Apostle (film, 2005)
- Theatrical: Records of Karajuro and Karagumi (documentary, 2007)
作風・主題
- 文体
- poetic and symbolic dialogueavant-garde physical theatre emphasizing the bodyvisually dynamic staging and direction
- 頻出モチーフ
- red tentviolence and brawlsreinterpretation of myth and folkloredepictions of urban (working-class) neighborhoods
健康
-
Brain contusion2012 - 2015（大ケガと療養・リハビリ）Sustained a serious brain injury in 2012 requiring extended hospitalization and rehabilitation, temporarily suspending theatrical activities; later returned to publish new works after recovery.
-
Acute subdural hematoma2024年5月（発症）Occurred in May 2024 leading to hospitalization and death on May 4, 2024.
評価・遺産
Karajuro was a leading figure of Japan's angura (underground) theatre, pioneering red-tent performances that reshaped postwar theatre. He was acclaimed both as a playwright and as a literary author, influencing many actors and directors.
記念館・博物館
- Meiji University Karajuro Archive Meiji University (location varies by collection)
- Karagumi Archive (official) Karagumi-related facilities / web archive
資料所蔵先
- Meiji University Karajuro Archive (materials)
- Karagumi Official Archive (records)
大衆文化への影響
- Red-tent and guerrilla performances are often cited as iconic events in Japanese theatre history.
- Some works and anecdotes have been repeatedly featured in TV and books, making him a byword for angura theatre.
引用
-
The masses are pigs.
出典: Appearance on NHK educational TV (reported remark) -
It is not an exaggeration to say that contemporary postwar theatre is 'before Karajuro and after Karajuro.'
出典: General assessment by theatre critics and practitioners
豆知識
- Famous for red-tent performances and guerrilla staging, notably the 'Shinjuku West Exit Park incident.'
- Involved in a brawl with Shūji Terayama in 1969 that led to arrests; numerous anecdotes of fights exist.
- In 2005 he was notified of the Medal with Purple Ribbon but declined the honor.
- Suffered a serious brain contusion in 2012 requiring long-term care and rehabilitation, later returning to creative work.
- Died on May 4, 2024 from an acute subdural hematoma; posthumously awarded Junior Fourth Rank and the Order of the Rising Sun (Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon).